English Views: 8956 Author: Phoenix Publish Time: 2023-07-06 Origin: Phoenix Breeding Equipment
Broiler breedingis a comprehensive science, involving poultry physiology, environmental ecology, architecture, animal pathology and pharmacology, etc. Since it is a science, we broiler farmers need to have a scientific attitude and a dedicated research spirit to treat our breeding.
1. One week before chicken feeding (-7-0 days)
Physiological and biological characteristics of chicks
1. Newborn chicks basically have no ability to regulate body temperature and are cold-blooded animals with variable temperature.
2. The tissues of the chicks are immature at birth and need to be further differentiated into growing tissues. This process can only be completed gradually after the formation of the appetite mechanism. The nutrients eaten by the chicks are transported to the growth area of the brain, stimulating the body to secrete auxin , and then the growth mechanism plays a role to promote a large amount of feed intake and growth of chickens
Focus on: preparations before entering the chickens - delicious food, good drink and a good environment to welcome the arrival of the chicks.
Tasty: Sufficient and easily accessible feed. Sufficient, prepare 50-70 grams of feed for each chicken. Easy to obtain, at least 50% of the area in the brooding area has feed.
Good to drink: water pressure, water line flow 40ml/min. The water temperature is flushed down the water line again 2-3 hours before entering the chicken to ensure that the water temperature is around 25 degrees when entering the chicken. Water quality, testing to ensure water quality up to standard.
Good environment: pre-heating and humidification in advance, the air temperature is 34C, the litter temperature is 32C, and the ground temperature is 28C, creating a warm and humid feeling for the chicks in the arms of the old hen. Strong light, the light intensity reaches 60 lux, so that the chicks can get familiar with the environment as soon as possible. Well sealed, no thieves, no cold wind.
2. The first week of brooding (0-7 days)
Physiological characteristics and biological characteristics of chicks
1.Critical period for thermoregulatory development.
2. The critical period of the intestinal development of chicks.
3. The immune and cardiovascular system begins to develop.
4. The body is covered with the first-generation down feathers, and sometimes the early immature second-generation young feathers can be occasionally seen on the tail and wings of the chick.
Focus on: 1. Assess the quality of the chicks, pay attention to the saturation of the sac for 24 hours, 8 hours, 80% of the normal chicks are full, 12 hours, the normal 95% of the chicks are full, and 24 hours, the normal 100% of the chicks are full.
2. Pay attention to the absorption and size of the 5-day-old egg yolk, the normal absorption size, mung bean size or smaller is normal. Pay attention to the intestinal development of chicks
3. Pay attention to the weight and uniformity of chicks for a week. The body weight reaches 4.4-4.5 times that of the born chicks, and the uniformity is good.
Environmental control: Air temperature: 34-33°C-29-30C, relative humidity 60%-65%. No dust, no wind. Mainly to control the temperature properly.
Health care and prevention: 1. During the critical period of intestinal development, add spleen-invigorating traditional Chinese medicines such as Liujunzi San (Jianwei Fuxing), probiotics and other additives that are beneficial to the healthy development of the intestinal tract. 2. In the critical period of immune cardiovascular development, strong stress should be avoided. 3. Purify vertically transmitted diseases, and purify Salmonella by drinking Enterobacteriaceae, etc.
3. The second week of brooding (8-14 days)
Physiological characteristics and biological characteristics of chicks:
1. 10-12 days, the chicks begin to realize the 24-hour day and night festival played.
2. It is the period of chick muscle ciliary and other connective tissue formation.
The growth rate of the chick's intestines is accelerated, and further growth and development are carried out.
The critical period for laying a good foundation for rapid growth in the third week.
4. After 7 days of age, the growth rate of the musculoskeletal feathers of the chicks is significantly accelerated, and the body surface is still dominated by down feathers. The second generation of young feathers appears on the wings, tail, and shoulders, and the first generation of young feathers continues to develop in the hair follicles. Growth, while the down feathers are continuously pushed out of the hair follicles, leaving the roots of the hair follicles and falling off. All organs of the body are in a state of ultra-high-speed operation, the burden of cardiopulmonary function is aggravated, and muscle growth is significantly faster than bone growth.
Focus on: 1. The formulation of light intensity and light time programs, by reducing the light intensity to 5-10 lux, gradually increasing the dark time to 6 hours at the age of 11-13 days, and continuing until the age of 35 days, to reduce the chick's The stress of high growth. A certain dark period for chicks is an important means and tool for improving immunity, recovering from damage and relieving physiological fatigue.
2. Pay attention to the respiratory reaction caused by immune stress. Continue to focus on gut development in healthy chickens.
Environmental control: Air temperature: 30-27.5C, relative humidity 60%-65%, still mainly based on temperature control, not somatosensory temperature control.
Health care and prevention: 1. Strengthen the health care of the intestinal tract, and enhance the development and reproduction of beneficial dominant flora in the intestinal tract. The intestine is the largest maintenance organ, the largest endocrine and immune organ, and the second brain of animals. Pay attention to the role of spleen-invigorating and damp-removing traditional Chinese medicine (Xinjianggan), acid preparations, enzyme preparations, etc. in intestinal health care. 2. In the event of an immune reaction, the application of immunity-enhancing drugs (Xinyousu).
4. The third week (15-21 days) in the early stage of cultivation period
Physiological characteristics and biological characteristics of broilers
1. Accelerated metabolism, fast feeding speed, increased feed intake, rapid weight gain, and rapid growth of muscle tissue.
2. The advantage of body heat production begins to appear
3. Autoantibodies attenuate to the minimum at the age of 21 days.
4. The ability to regulate body temperature is formed. Within three weeks after the chicks were born, the order of appearance of the second-generation feathers was wings, tail, shoulders, legs, chest, shoulder spleen, neck, and back.
Focus on: 1. Assess the development of intestinal tract, and summarize the effect of intestinal health care in the previous two weeks.
2. Pay close attention to the development of the respiratory tract in the chicken house. At this time, it is necessary to cultivate the adaptation of the chicken body to ventilation. For ground farms, pay attention to the quality of litter to avoid caking and ammonia gas accumulation
Environmental control: Feeling temperature (not display temperature): 27-25°C, relative humidity: 55%-65%. Somatosensory temperature control transitions from the physiological comfort zone to the growth comfort zone. Ventilation began to occupy the dominant option.
Health care and prevention: 1. The environment of the brooding period belongs to high temperature and high humidity conditions, which is suitable for the value-added reproduction of pathogenic intestinal bacteria such as mold. Pay attention to the application of acidifiers in regulating the balance of intestinal flora. If the chicken farm has a history of coccidiosis, add drugs to prevent it. 2. Because the ventilation is gradually increasing, use Chinese medicine (Luo Yichang) to treat the respiratory tract.
5. The fourth week (22-28 days) in the late breeding period
Physiological characteristics and biological characteristics of broilers
1. Heat production is greater than heat dissipation, and muscle fat begins to grow rapidly.
2. When stress is most likely to occur, it is the most challenging period for the lungs and air sacs.
3. The fluff on the back of the neck begins to fall off
Focus on: 1. In the fourth week, focus on the development and health of the broiler's respiratory system.
2. Pay attention to the body temperature of the broiler, pay attention to the ventilation of the chicken house and the space temperature difference of the chicken house (upper and lower temperature difference)
Environmental control: Feeling temperature: 24-21C, relative humidity 55%-60%. Strengthen the setting of ventilation and body temperature difference to avoid body temperature being too high. Keep the flock within the growth comfort zone.
Health care prevention: 1. Use drugs to prevent and treat the development of respiratory diseases, 2. Use intestinal health drugs to consolidate intestinal health. 3. Pay attention to the body's immunity.
6. The fifth week (29-35 days) fattening period
Physiological characteristics and biological characteristics of broilers
1. The fastest growing period of diet and drinking water
2. The villi on the neck and back are replaced, and the villi on the head and abdomen are replaced.
Focus on: Necropsy on healthy chickens, assess the respiratory symptoms of the flock, and the health status of the respiratory tract. Assess gut health
Environmental control: feel temperature: 21-19C, relative humidity: 50%-55%. Keep the mouth opening ratio of chickens below 10%. If the weather is hot, the wind speed can be gradually increased to the maximum.
Health care and prevention: use traditional Chinese medicine (Xinmeijing) to treat the intestines and protect the liver and body, so that the chickens will be healthy, eat food quickly, and gain weight quickly
7. sixth week (marketing)
Physiological and biological characteristics of broiler chickens:
The feathers are plump, the ability to resist cold and emergency is strengthened, the speed of muscle growth is accelerated, and the ability to deposit fat is strengthened. The demand for oxygen reaches the maximum.
Focus on: pay attention to ventilation, pay attention to body temperature, pay attention to slaughter quality control. The chickens should try to avoid opening their mouths.
Health care and prevention: conditioning the intestinal tract with an acidifier without a withdrawal period
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